Arterial hypertension

Aortic hypertension is the cause of the occurrence of what the disease arises, diagnosis and treatment.

According to world statistics, diseases of the cardiovascular system in the first place among all causes of death.

Aortic hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the circulatory system, also acting as a factor in the development of heart disease and other blood vessels, such as coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic.

Aortic hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure (above) over 140 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic (lower) over 90 mm Hg.Art.According to the recommendations of the European Aortic Hypertension Association and the European Heart Doctors Association, the criteria of arterial hypertension from 135/85 mm Hg are applied to measure pressure at home.Art.And above.

The main symptoms are accompanied by increased blood pressure including headache, nausea, ears in the ears, brushing chest drums, vision loss, discomfort, sweating.

Sometimes hypertension may be asymptomatic.In this case, blood pressure control is required.

Arterial hypertension

Before talking about hypertension (blood pressure), it is necessary to understand how the pressure should be normal.For each person, the values of blood pressure are individuals.However, there is a blood pressure classification that is often accepted.

• Optimal, in which systolic blood pressure is below 120 mm Hg.Art., And diastolic blood pressure below 80 mm Hg.Art. 
• Normally, the above blood pressure values are from 120 to 129 and the value is lower than 80 to 84 mm Hg.Art.
• Normally high, in which the above blood pressure values are from 130 to 139 mm Hg over time.Art.And the lower things range from 85 to 89 mm Hg.Art.

Aortic hypertension is divided by degree, depending on the maximum values obtained when measuring the pressure.

Level 1-Systolic level 140-159 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mm Hg.Art.

The 2nd blood pressure 160-179 mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure 100-109 mm Hg.Art.

Blood pressure-extreme 3 180 and multiple mm Hg.Art.and/or diastolic blood pressure 110 and multiple mm Hg.Art.

Aortic hypertension is isolated separately, when only systolic blood pressure increases more than 140 mm Hg.ST, and diastoles are still in normal values.

Causes of hypertension

It is believed that most patients with high pressure Elementary Arterial hypertension, its development cannot be related to specific causes.This is such an essential arterial hypertension, often occurs in age -related patients.

In other cases, when a certain cause of pressure is revealed, they mean medium Arterial hypertension.

Among the main causes of secondary artery hypertension, they distinguish:

1. Kidney and blood vessels.These diseases lead to reduced blood flow intensity in the kidneys and therefore, to release the scratch of substances that contribute to hypertension and compensate for weakened kidney flow.Chronic kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, urolurisy - these diseases can lead to the development of arterial hypertension.Among the diseases of the blood vessels, the narrowing (narrow) of the kidney arteries is most commonly recorded, possibly congenital or occurring with atherosclerosis in adulthood. 

2. Distinctive Endocrine disease This leads to the development of arterial hypertension and other related symptoms.For example, with thyrotoxicosis, the production of thyroid hormones is enhanced, accompanied by the appearance of a goiter (an increase in the gland), systolic hypertension, heart rate, increased irritability and reducing body weight.With hypothyroidism, the hormone hormone products are reduced.The pathology is associated with endothelial dysfunction and decreasing the relaxation of smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, leading to an increase in peripheral resistance of blood vessels.This helps increase blood pressure.Such patients are characterized by diastolic hypertension, impaired impairment, weakness and rapid fatigue.With pheochromocytoma (adrenal glands), the release of catecholamine (adrenaline, norepinephrine) increases in the blood, leading to strong hypertension on very high values.Aortic hypertension is a regular satellite.Fatty tissue cells (fat cells) produce biological active ingredients that affect all organisms and especially on vessels.In addition, do not forget that the addition of the Viking fabric also needs to provide blood, and this leads to an additional load for the cardiovascular system. 
3. Distinctive Heart disease and blood vessels They can lead to high artery pressure.For example, the aorta coarctation is a local narrowing of the aortic heart, more often than congenital pathology;Atherosclerosis narrows ships. 
4. Pregnancy (pre -eclampsia). 
5. Arterial hypertension when using a number drugs: Oral contraceptives, assimilated steroids, glucocorticosteroids, antidepressants.

It should be remembered about the factors contributing to the development of arterial hypertension: genetic tendencies, prolonged neurological condition, frequent stressful situations, excessive physical activity, smoking, alcohol and coffee abuse, consuming large amounts of salt and fatty foods.

Arterial hypertension what diseases occur?

Aortic hypertension is divided by degree, depending on the maximum values obtained when measuring the pressure.

We will point out some of them.

• Atherosclerosis, including renal arteries. 
• Damage of kidney vessels (thrombosis, embolism, narrow, compressive kidney vessels with a tumor or organ). 
• Chronic pyelonephritis. 
• Chronic glomerulonephritis. 
• Chronic kidney disease. 
• Hypo thyroid disease (Hypo- and hyperthyroidism). 
• Izenko-Cushing disease and syndrome. 
• Feochromocytoma. 
• The main hyperaldosteron.
• Metabolic syndrome. 
• A combination of aorta. 
• Pre -eclampsia.

Which doctors should contact when hypertension?

To determine the causes of increased pressure, you should initially contact the therapist.The doctor will conduct the examination and specify the number of tests and advice of the experts.Among them may be:

• Cardiologist; 
• Endocrinologist; 
• neuroscientist; 
• Surgeon; 
• Dr. ophthalmologist.

Diagnosis and testing with increased blood pressure

First of all, self -control of blood pressure at home is necessary for maintaining diary, in which all pressure measurements of time, medication and stress attacks should be fixed, which can cause hypertension.

The following laboratory studies are prescribed for all patients in the first stage of the exam:

• Clinical blood tests;
• General urine analysis;
• Biochemical testing (cholesterol control; lipoprotein is very low; and high density to assess the risk of atherosclerosis, electrolyte in the blood - potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium; the level of creatinine; blood glucose concentration);
• Blood test for hemoglobin glycated level; 
• A blood test for hormone content (TH4 - T4; Triiodotyronine - T3; Hormone thyreotropic - TSH; antibodies with thyroid -dperoxidase; antibodies with thyroidoglobulin).

If necessary, the doctor may prescribe complicated laboratory testing methods and tools:

• Monitoring daily blood pressure; 
• Electrocardiogram research; 
• Echocardiography; 
• Holter daily monitoring; 
• Brachiocephalous scanning, 
• Renal artery/iliac and lamp; 
• Research on kidney and adrenal glands; 
• Research on the bottom of the eye.

Aortic hypertension treatment

Aortic hypertension is a disease, the development depends on many factors, and therefore, the first recommendation in adjusting high pressure is a change in lifestyle.

First, they make changes in the diet: they limit the consumption of canned and complete products, sauce and mayonnaise, and gradually reduce the amount of salt added to food.

The menu should include more vegetables, fruits and fresh milk products.Alcohol and smoking should also be limited.

In the presence of excess body weight and without contraindications, the diet is used.Suppose moderate physics regularly at least half an hour a day contribute to normalization of blood vessels.

We should not expect a quick effect from the diet and physical education.However, at the beginning of the disease, these actions can play a positive role.

Depending on the stage and degree of disease, drug therapy is prescribed.In clinical practice, some groups of drugs are used to treat arterial hypertension:

• diuretics (diuretics); 
• Beta blockers; 
• Calcium antagonism; 
• Angiotenzinoproding enzyme inhibitors (IAC); 
• Angiotensin II Receptor anatagonists; 
• Central medicine.

Depending on the cause of the development and the process of the disease, as well as related diseases, the doctor prescribes the personal treatment regime.Therapy is selected by a doctor attending, the use of drugs continuously and lifestyle changes will help normal blood pressure.

What to do with high pressure?

Do not reduce pressure quickly: In the first two hours of support, blood pressure will decrease no more than 20% of the initial high level.

When blood pressure increases moderate, but general stability (no other symptoms), you should try to sleep or lie down with closed eyes.If after resting, the pressure is still high, it is necessary to use the drug recommended by the doctor.

If hypertension is accompanied by severe headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, vision impairment, pain, nausea, or vomiting, it is necessary to cause an ambulance.